Publication: IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Electronics Publication Date: 2006/08/01 Vol. E89-CNo. 8pp. 1177-1181 Type of Manuscript: Special Section PAPER (Special Section on Recent Development of Electromechanical Devices (Selected Papers from IS-EMD2005)) Category: Relays & Switches Keyword: electromagnetic relay (EMR), hertz contact theory, nonlinear, contact rigidity, finite element method,