Reversible Watermark with Large Capacity Based on the Prediction Error Expansion

Minoru KURIBAYASHI  Masakatu MORII  Hatsukazu TANAKA  

Publication
IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences   Vol.E91-A   No.7   pp.1780-1790
Publication Date: 2008/07/01
Online ISSN: 1745-1337
DOI: 10.1093/ietfec/e91-a.7.1780
Print ISSN: 0916-8508
Type of Manuscript: PAPER
Category: Cryptography and Information Security
Keyword: 
reversible watermark,  prediction error,  location map,  

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Summary: 
A reversible watermark algorithm with large capacity has been developed by applying the difference expansion of a generalized integer transform. In this algorithm, a watermark signal is inserted in the LSB of the difference values among pixels. In this paper, we apply the prediction errors calculated by a predictor in JPEG-LS for embedding watermark, which contributes to increase the amount of embedded information with less degradation. As one of the drawbacks discovered in the above conventional method is the large size of the embedded location map introduced to make it reversible, we decrease the large size of the location map by vectorization, and then modify the composition of the map using the local characteristics. We also exclude the positions such that the modification in the embedding operation cannot increase the capacity but merely degrade the image quality, which can be applicable to the conventional methods.