Summary: We investigated the characteristics of optical duobinary signals in achieving high fiber input power transmission focusing on the idea of optimum residual dispersion equalization. We confirm through calculations and experiments that setting the total link dispersion at a non-zero value allows high fiber launched power (+18 dBm) and large dispersion tolerance (350 ps/nm) at 10 Gbit/s. We demonstrate repeaterless 250-km single mode fiber (SMF) transmission with a 10-Gbit/s optical duobinary signal. We also demonstrate high-speed complete optical duobinary coding and transmit synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) frames over optical duobinary signals for the first time.